MIEX预处理技术对长江原水中有机物的去除效能

利用烧杯试验研究了磁性离子交换树脂（magnetic ion exchange resin,MIEX）预处理对长江原水中有机物的去除效能,以总溶解有机碳(DOC)、254 nm紫外吸收值(UV254)、有机物相对分子质量分布、有机物分级、紫外扫描以及消毒副产物生成量等指标进行表征.结果表明,长江水源水中的有机物主要为小分子亲水性有机物,其含量占有机物总量的50%以上;MIEX预处理可以有效降低水中有机物的含量,投加量为10 mL/L、接触时间为15 min时,DOC的去除率超过35%,相对分子质量和分级的测定结果表明,小分子亲水性部分有机物的去除导致了DOC去除效果的改善;从紫外扫描结果可看出,MIEX预处理对在190～250 nm波长时有强吸收的有机物去除效果非常明显,但对在高于250 nm波长处有吸收的有机物去除效果与混凝阶段的效果相近.     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions from Lake Hongfeng, Southwestern China Plateau

With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter (DOM) from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). Those fractions were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorbance. Among the 6 fractions, FA was predominant and accounted for 51% of the total DOM. The weight-average (M_w) and number-averaged (M_n) molecular weight of these fractions ranged from 1688 to 2355 Da and from 1338 to 1928 Da, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, E₂/E₃ (absorbance at 250 nm to 365 nm), and the molecular weight for DOM fractions. UV-Vis fulvic-like fluorescence peaks were found in all fractions. Protein-like fluorescence peaks existed in HON may indicate that microbial activity was severely in Lake Hongfeng. There was a significant relationship between fluorescence intensities and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm for those DOM fractions, suggesting their similar luminescence characteristics. The values of fluorescence index (f_450/500) indicated that hydrophobic fractions may derive from terrestrial sources, and the hydrophilic fractions from microbial and terrestrial origins. Those results suggest that there were inter-relationships between molecular weight, fluorescence and absorbance characteristics, and also subtle consistencies between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the sources for these 6 fractions from Lake Hongfeng.     

Parameters e ect on heterogeneous photocatalysed degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion of TiO2

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersion under UV irradiation. The e ects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed     

30CrMnSiA高强钢在北京地区的大气腐蚀研究

利用失重分析、形貌观察、断面分析和电化学交流阻抗谱等研究了30CrMnSiA高强钢在北京地区大气腐蚀的动力学规律和腐蚀特征。结果表明,30CrMnSiA高强钢在北京的大气腐蚀速率经历了腐蚀初期由快到慢和腐蚀3 a后由慢到快的过程。在大气暴露1,2,3,5 a的30CrMnSiA样品中,暴露3 a的样品锈层最致密,对侵蚀性离子的阻挡作用最强,相应腐蚀速率最低;30CrMnSiA高强钢在大气腐蚀的锈层既可以生长得非常致密,也可因为过厚产生内应力,从而导致锈层破裂;3 a后,30CrMnSiA样品锈层的开裂加速了腐蚀。     

UV/H_2O_2体系降解六氯苯动力学及其机理研究

对比了3种不同氧化方法对水中六氯苯(HCB)的去除效果,考察了HCB初始浓度、H2O2投加量及pH值对UV/H2O2降解HCB效果的影响。结果表明,3种工艺对HCB的降解效果是H2O2相似文献   

表面处理技术提高混凝土内置钢筋耐久性的研究

采用热喷涂Zn金属涂层、涂覆环氧树脂涂层和电沉积Zn/钝化等表面处理方式,对混凝土内置钢筋进行处理,通过电化学交流阻抗谱技术(EIS),探讨处理后的钢筋在混凝土中的腐蚀行为,并与未经防护的钢筋进行了比较。结果发现,在混凝土包覆的条件下,三种涂(镀)层对抑制混凝土内置钢筋的腐蚀均具有明显作用;相比之下,环氧涂层(保证涂层不遭受机械损伤或焊接破坏)抑制钢筋腐蚀的效果更好。     

基于知识图谱可视化视角的旅游灾害管理研究综述

如何进行旅游灾害管理是全球旅游目的地共同关注的问题。首先界定了旅游灾害管理的概念,然后在中国知网和Web of Science中分别筛选了168篇和180篇中英文文献,采用知识图谱文献可视化分析方法,绘制了发文量、作者和发文机构,以及关键词共现图谱。研究认为,国内外旅游灾害管理研究集中于旅游灾害风险、旅游风险评估、灾害影响、灾后恢复和风险认知五个方面,并提出今后应深入旅游目的地灾后恢复性、旅游者风险认知和灾害管理规划的研究,以期为我国旅游灾害管理理论和实践提供参考。     

Plant leaf economics and reproductive investment are responsive to gradients of land use intensity

Relationships between functional leaf traits across large sets of plant species emphasized the existence of a major axis describing a trade-off between rapid acquisition and conservation of resources forming the so-called “leaf economics spectrum”. It is uncertain which environmental factors determine the economics spectrum and whether traits associated with reproduction co-vary with the economics spectrum. To determine these trait-environment relationships for agricultural ecosystems, this study was conducted at field, pasture, and heathland sites forming a strong land use gradient in Northwest Germany. The abundance of 49 species was recorded in 85 plots together with their traits (canopy height, specific leaf area, leaf N, leaf N:P, leaf and stem dry matter content, life cycle, reproductive investment (RI) in seed mass and seed number), as well as parameters describing soil resources and land use disturbances. RLQ multivariate analysis of the data set related an environmental table to a species trait table using a species abundance table to extract the joint structure between them. Thereafter, we clustered the species on the RLQ axis to extract functional groups. Traits associated with the leaf economics spectrum were strongly related to soil resources that co-varied with disturbance intensity. A division of the whole land use gradient into agricultural and heathland sites showed that RI was not decoupled from trait-environment relationships although the direction of the RI-environment relationship was opposite in the two subsets. Species were clumped rather than linearly arranged in the trait-environment space and the functional groups broadly corresponded to weed communities, pastures with differing intensities, and heathlands. The trade-off in plant economics responding to soil resources supports predictions of previous theoretical and empirical work. Different RI-environment relationships in agricultural sites and heathlands emphasize the relevance of local scales in trait-environment studies. In general, the results point to some of the biological mechanisms controlling functions and services of agricultural ecosystems.     

Role of quantum dots nanoparticles in the chemical treatment of colored wastewater: Catalysts or additional pollutants

The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and the activity of quantum dots nanoparticles in colored wastewaters. The special interest is devoted to the investigation of their role in the typical treatment of water or wastewater, studying their influence on the effectiveness of applied treatments methods. The standard chemical processes for water treatment and disinfection (direct UV photolysis and direct ozonation) were applied for the degradation of colored organic pollutant, reactive azo dye, in the presence/absence of CdSe/ZnS core-shells quantum dots. The obtained results indicated that investigated nanoparticles inhibit the overall efficiency of applied processes, especially in the case of direct UV photolysis, although catalytic effect might be expected in part due to the semiconductor nature of quantum dots. Such results lead to a conclusion that CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles behave as additional pollutants in the system. They should be removed from the system prior the treatment, because their presence could decrease the efficiency, i.e., prolong the time of treatment and correspondingly increase the costs of the treatment process.     

紫外可见光谱谱峰归一校正法检测对硝基苯酚

对硝基苯酚的常规检测法是紫外分光光度法,然而由于对硝基苯酚在不同pH值下表现为不同的状态和不同的紫外可见特征吸收峰,当pH>9或pH<3时,特征峰分别在400 nm和317 nm处,而当pH=4～9之间,两特征峰共存.因此常规检测方法需要将溶液pH值调节到对硝基苯酚只具单一状态,操作相对繁琐.文章提出了一种新的采用紫外...